Political Philosophy Steering the Middle Course Essay

Political philosophy is not a simple set of doctrines or theories; rather it is a way of life. The political philosopher’s life is a constant struggle between the political and the philosophical. He sees the contradictions that exist at all times in both worlds and lives with the questions more so than others. The true political philosopher can never be purely political or purely philosophical. Nevertheless, a political philosophical life is worth living if the proper balance between the political and the philosophical is obtained. Socrates, founder of political philosophy, believes it necessary to be concerned with the way one should live individually and collectively, but holds it higher to try to understand this way of life. Because†¦show more content†¦When this was reported to Critias, he brought Socrates before him and showed him the law. Leo Strauss, a political philosophy scholar, offers the most related parallel to this event in the prophet Nathan from the Bible. Nathan confronts and rebukes David in private for his injustice, while Socrates neither directly confronts nor rebukes Critias. One can correctly assume that Socrates’s philosophy, then, does not have the certitude found in Biblical text. Again, the account of Socrates and Critias shows that Socratic philosophy is not assertive. Likewise, the Oeconomicus gives insight to Socrates’s uncertainty about the problem always present; additionally, it shows how Socrates could not leave a set of doctrines because he is aware that not all things are knowable. Socrates recounts to Critobulus his encounter and conversation with Ischomochos, a man heard to be a gentleman. It is safe to assume that Socrates has Ischomochos in mind when discussing the â€Å"best friend† with Critobulus in the Memorabilia. Here, in the same way that Critobulus seeks Socrates’s advise on friendship, Socrates seeks Ischomochos’s advise on gentlemanliness. But before his encounter with the gentleman, Socrates first looked to those who were beautiful and then looked for a connection between the â€Å"good† and the â€Å"fine.† He found no connection between the twoShow MoreRelatedPolitical Philosophy: Steering the Middle Course1334 Words   |  6 PagesPolitical philosophy is not a simple set of doctr ines or theories; rather it is a way of life. The political philosopher’s life is a constant struggle between the political and the philosophical. He sees the contradictions that exist at all times in both worlds and lives with the questions more so than others. For these reasons, the true political philosopher is neither purely political nor purely philosophical. Nevertheless, a political philosophical life is worth living if the proper balance betweenRead MoreThe Neo Classical Model Of Economics1505 Words   |  7 Pagesunemployment rose exponentially on a global scale. In the midst of this economic crisis Keynes offered solution to the crisis in his 1936 ‘General theory of Employment, Interests and Money’. He successfully argued that the state was alone capable of steering the economy to produce ‘social stability and social justice’ (Valentine, 2003) Thus the post-war consensus was formed and consequentially the centre ground of politics redefine d, Keynesianism socialist model would hold sway for the quarter centuryRead MoreThe Executive Of Directors ( The Collective ) As A Self Regulating Social System2116 Words   |  9 Pagesthis created several differing schools of thought. Concepts now referred to as agency, stewardship, resource dependence and enlightened stakeholder theories combined with ideas such as managerial and class hegemony and evolving social stakeholder philosophies will form the basis of our review into the abilities of boards to act in a self-regulating manner. This paper will explore each of these in an attempt to discern if a pattern either has or is likely to emerge that enables boards to form a self-regulatingRead MoreTata Nano Case Study4369 Words   |  18 PagesysiA Project Report Submitted on the Technology of â€Å"Tata Nano Car† As Part of the Course Managing Technology for Competitiveness PREPARED BY Choidup Dorji (113378) Wangmo Chador (113377) Pishenbay Adilbaevich Umirbekov (113417) Nipu Kumar Nath (112889) Christian Riisager (112846) 1 Executive Summary The study of Tata Nano car technology has demonstrated the fact that how a technological revolution has taken place in Automobile sector by the introduction of Tata Nano car in the marketRead MoreBuilding and Managing a Global Matrix8112 Words   |  33 Pagesgenerosity), and who were ready to take responsibility for setting their own objectives and standards. â€Å"When I have developed all the managers into leaders,† he said, â€Å"we will have a self-driven, self-renewing organization.† Communicating the New Philosophy and Values As he met with his new team, one of the most important items on Lindahl’s agenda was to communicate the company’s guiding principle of decentralization. He explained: The newspapers may describe ABB’s power transmission power segmentRead MoreWorkers Participation in Management15351 Words   |  62 Pagesa major development in the past two hundred years in the political field relates to the evolution of democratic system i.e., creating institutions, which provide opportunities to the people to express their views and to influence the decision processes of the government. The concept of political democracy gave further impetus to the concepts of economic and industrial democracy. In fact, several socialist thinkers advocated the political democracy could not survive or become effective unless economicRead MoreH3 Hummer Marketing Plan Essay7401 Words   |  30 PagesThreats Opportunity AnalysisÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..6 Demographic ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…6 Economic ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….8 Natural ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….8 Technological ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….10 Political ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..11 Cultural ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...12 Competitive ForcesÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…12 Marketing StrategyÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….13 Target MarketÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….13 ProductÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…14 Read More103340399 TATA Nano Target Costing9564 Words   |  39 Pagesthat would be sold for just a lakh. Then the target cost was exacted to about Rs 65000 per unit. A number of steps were taken to ensure that the cost remains within the target decided such as one windscreen wiper instead of the usual pair, No power steering, unnecessary due to its light weight, three lug nuts  on the wheels instead of the usual four, Only one wing mirror, No radio or CD player, No air conditioning etc. TARGET COSTING Target costing is defined as a cost management tool for reducing theRead MoreA History and Case Study of Toyota6060 Words   |  25 Pagessupport for vehicle manufacturing. Toyota likes to be approach is the first in market share, and on the other hand, as the market leader, there must be the first open up new market. Economic and reasonable priced products for family young buyers of middle class who love driving, this market position is the largest by market value that Toyota smartly selected and stayed away from sport car and luxury car when entering the car industry. ï  ¬ Market position In recent years, the automobile industry to absorbRead MoreThe Essential Component of Corporate Governance9749 Words   |  39 Pagesgovernance is concerned mainly with creating the structure of decision-making at the level of the board of directors and implementing those decisions. In this sense governance can be thought of as steering the corporation. In fact, the very word governance itself comes from the Greek word for steering. Moreover, corporate governance is about accomplishing the core values of transparency, responsibility, fairness, and accountability. Because these values are also key concerns for business ethics,

Acceleration Key Questions Before Reading the Novel

Key Questions: Before Reading the Novel 1. Why are you reading this piece of text? I am reading this piece of text because it looks interesting and I have to read it for English. 2. How will you read this piece of writing? What approach will you use? I will read this piece of writing with interest from start to finish rather than like a text book no interest and skim and scan it. 3. Examine the cover of the novel. What images do you see? How do you think the images are connected to the story? I see a subway train, a boy and a cat. These images may be connected to the story because the boy works at the lost and found underground in a subway station, the boy is the boy who works at the lost and found and the cat is the cat that†¦show more content†¦4. What information makes Duncan decide to try and locate the owner of the diary. When Duncan finds out about the information that the stalker has a specific target and Duncan can identify who she is he decides to try and locate the owner of the diary. Section 3: Chapters 14-21 1. Before you begin reading this section use a dictionary to define the following vocabulary: * Agony = intense physical or mental suffering * Chloroform = chemical used to render unconscious 2. Why does Duncan decide to go to the police station across town? Duncan doesn’t want to turn it in because he says his finger prints are all over it so they will think he just made it up. But Duncan decides to turn in the journal because Vinny said that they can just check your handwriting and prove that it wasn’t you. 3. What nickname does Duncan give the owner of the diary? Why is this name appropriate? Duncan gave the owner the nickname roach this name is appropriate because he is like a cockroach he lives in the dark and no one sees them 4. Examine what Duncan did at the end of chapter 15. Did he make the right decision? Why or why not? Duncan took the book when the cops said to leave it. I think Duncan made the right decision because if he had of left it there they would have just put it in a fireplace or in storage or something and theShow MoreRelated Einsteins Relativity, Literature and Perception Essay1283 Words   |  6 Pages or a plane that flies straight over a merry-go-round would appear curved to the rider. These are two examples of the way relativity causes someone to think. The biggest direct effect on literature was that relativity made time travel possible. Before Einstein was thought to be a fantastic yet impossible feat. Relativity only solved half the problem, time travel into the future. This occurs through time dilation. The science fiction pulps picked up on this idea and went wild. In 1905 AlbertRead MoreRealism in 21st Century2776 Words   |  12 Pagesthe demands and trends of modern day living. Not too long ago, people were seen doing stuffs that have turned out to be more of a routine in today’s humankind. Every single day a new type of technology is been introduced in todays world. So, the question arises that is theses changes necessary in todays world? If yes, does it have a good or a bad impact to the human society in todays world? We need to talk about in which approach hi-tech advancements that pace into our daily lives have alteredRead MoreTeaching Gifted and Talented Students3950 Words   |  16 PagesHigh-ability students can be delightful, but they can also be demanding, impatient, perfectionistic, sarcastic, and disruptive. In addition, few regular education teachers have received sufficient training in issues related to gifted and talented education. Before teachers can develop appropriate instructional strategies to meet the needs of h igh-ability students, they must recognize the value of such efforts. For many educators, services to gifted and talented students may seem to be elitist. However, publicRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Malaysia13672 Words   |  55 Pagesconnected China and Europe during the Middle Ages. Likewise, for centuries, people and corporations have invested in enterprises in other countries. In fact, many of the features of the current wave of globalization are similar to those prevailing before the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.  But policy and technological developments of the past few decades have spurred increases in cross-border trade, investment, and migration so large that many observers believe the world has entered a qualitativelyRead MoreTransfer of Tacit Knowledge8140 Words   |  33 PagesManagement at the Technical University of Berlin, Germany. Competitive Paper submitted to the 20 Annual IMP Conference in Copenhagen, 2th - 4th September 2004 th 1 Abstract Innovation management includes the management of processes to strive for novel assignments through the combination and integration of different knowledge components. Besides, next to explicit knowledge, tacit knowledge has a crucial influence on the success of innovation processes in companies. The sole application of tacit knowledgeRead MoreRosetta Stone8094 Words   |  33 Pagesbuff, was frustrated with his slow progress in mastering the Russian language. He was enrolled in a conventional classroom Russian course but found it much less effective than the process he had used to learn German while living in Germany years before. Seeking to produce a more natural language learning method, Stoltzfus envisioned using computer technology to simulate the way people learn their native language—with pictures and sounds in context. Rather than learning the language by translatingRead MoreGlobalization or Glocalisation? Networks, Territories and Rescaling12782 Words   |  52 Pagesposition of the citizen. Secondly, the pre-eminence of the ‘global’ in much of the literature and political rhetoric obfuscates, marginalizes and silences an intense and ongoing socio-spatial struggle in which the reconï ¬ guration of spatial scale is a key arena. Third, both the scales of economic ï ¬â€šows and networks and those of territorial governance are rescaled through a process of ‘glocalisation’, and, ï ¬ nally, the proliferation of new modes and forms of resistance to the restless process of de-territorialisation/re-territorialisationRead MoreReaction Paper in Hbo8197 Words   |  33 Pagesexamples that every individual could share their actual experience and practice in different organization that they belongs to. The reporters provide the class with the materials that are readable and comprehensible. The topic is a broad topic that any questions that a member of the class can open other topics that will be discuss in succeeding reports. I can say the group deliver the report, give explanations and justice to the different topics that they covered. And with the help our professor the classRead MoreNanotech 1AC Essay13565 Words   |  55 Pagesnanotechnology can be used to mobilize the bodys own healing abilities to repair or regenerate damaged cells, and his early clinical studies have yielded incredible results. His work has implications for Parkinsons and Alzheimers, both diseases in which key brain cells stop working properly. Similarly, Dr. Elias A. Zerhouni, director of the National Institutes of Health, envisions nanotechnology leading to a radical transformation in health care, making it more predictive, preemptive, and personalizedRead MoreCognitive Resilience in Adulthood9822 Words   |  40 PagesCFull Text * Translate Full textUndo TranslationTranslateUndo Translation Press the Escape key to close FromTo   Ã‚  Ã‚  Translate Translation in progress... [[missing key: loadingAnimation]] The full text may take 40-60 seconds to translate; larger documents may take longer. Cancel * Turn on search term navigationTurn on search term navigation * Jump to first hit Headnote ABSTRACT A resilience framework for understanding cognitive aging implies a search for factors that buffer

Injunction Essay Research Paper CBS Broadcasting Inc free essay sample

Injunction Essay, Research Paper CBS Broadcasting, Inc. v. VanityMail Services, Inc. Federal Trademark Infringement- Likelihood of Consumer Confusion ( Lanham Act? 43 ( a ) ) a ) Section 4 ( a ) provides that the complainant must turn out the followers: 1 ) that the suspect? s sphere name is indistinguishable or bewilderingly similar to a hallmark or service grade in which the complainant has rights ; and 2 ) the suspect has no rights or legitimate involvements in regard of the sphere name ; and 3 ) the sphere name has been registered and is being used in bad religion. Under this subdivision of the act, the tribunal must first measure whether or non the suspect # 8217 ; s domain name is indistinguishable or bewilderingly similar to a hallmark or service grade in which the complainant has rights. In measuring the likeliness of confusion, the tribunal may look at a assortment of factors. Some of these may include: similarity of sight, sound or significance between Markss, the strength of the complainant # 8217 ; s grade, the suspect # 8217 ; s purpose or bad religion in following a similar grade, the propinquity or relatedness of goods, cases of consumers # 8217 ; existent confusion, selling channels, the edification of goods, and the likeliness of enlargement. The Markss in inquiry are indistinguishable in sound, significance and spelling. The complainant is the registered proprietor of the US service grade # 8220 ; 48 Hours # 8221 ; and device in Class 41 for # 8220 ; telecasting intelligence plan services. # 8221 ; The suspect is the registered proprietor of # 8220 ; www.48Hours.com. # 8221 ; They differ merely in sight for the suspect? s logo is featured in differing fount and colour from that of Plaintiff? s. The strength of Plaintiff? s grade is unquestionable. They have asserted 12 old ages of usage of the 48 hours grade. Throughout the United States they have huge ill fame as a telecasting intelligence plan. ? The more likely a grade is to be remembered and associated in the public head with the grade? s proprietor, the greater protection the grade is accorded by hallmark laws. ? ( Kenner Parker Toys Inc. v. Rose Art Indus. , Inc. , ) In footings of the suspect? s purpose or bad religion, they were cognizant of the being of the telecasting intelligence show prior to the construct of their 48 Hours.com concern programs. ( This was declared by the admittances of the principals of VanityMail to holding watched the complainant? s intelligence plan. ) With this information, they proceeded to register the grade. It is ill-defined as to what the suspect? s purpose was in taking this sphere name. None of their services relate to any 48-hour subject of any kind. There is no grounds of Defendant? s bad religion in utilizing the name. The propinquity of the goods supplied by the two parties in inquiry are worlds apart. The complainant supplies airing services and promotional ware. The suspect provides yacht services. There are no reported cases of any existent consumer confusion. The complainant has non suffered any known harm due to Defendant? s usage of the grade. The two parties do portion the same selling channels. In GoTo.com, Inc. , v. The Walt Disney Company, the complainant sought a preliminary injunction because Defendant? s commercially used logo on the World Wide Web was unusually similar to Plaintiff? s. The tribunal found that, ? the Web, as a selling channel, is peculiarly susceptible to a likeliness of confusion since, ? it allows for viing Markss to be encountered at the same clip, on the same screen. ? As for edification, any competent computing machine user may be able to entree a web site. The GoTo instance besides found that? Voyaging amongst web sites involves practically no attempt whatsoever, and statements that Web users exercise a great trade of attention before snaping hyperlinks is unconvincing. ? The concluding issue of the likeliness of enlargement may be addressed by the suspect? s soon posting logo, which reads? Coming Soon: A Unique Experience for Spoting Tastes. ? Additionally, at the underside of the screen, there is a notation saying? Please direct any enquiries about our approaching service to? ? Obviously, the suspect does hold programs for enlargement of some kind. B ) For the above-s tated grounds, the complainant should non be granted preliminary injunction on the footing of this claim. GoTo.com, Inc. , v. The Walt Disney Company, found that? ? usage of unusually similar hallmarks on different web sites creates a likeliness of confusion amongst Web users. ? Federal hallmark violation guidelines province that the complainant must set up all 3 demands listed supra. The complainant is able to turn out that 1 ) the grade is indistinguishable and 2 ) that the suspect has no rights or legitimate involvements in the name but fails to run into the 3rd demand. Though the name is registered, there is no cogent evidence that it is being used in bad religion. Therefore preliminary injunction should non be granted under the Lanham Act? 43 ( a ) . Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995 ( Lanham Act? 43 ( degree Celsius ) ) a ) This subdivision of the Lanham Act differs from subdivision 43 ( a ) in that it made the impression of dilution a federal-law concern. Section 43 ( degree Celsius ) does non necessitate competition between parties and a likeliness of confusion to show a claim for alleviation. The criterions for mensurating dilution are rather different from those of likeliness of confusion. In Panavision Int? cubic decimeter, L.P. v. Toeppen, the inquiry was whether the suspect violated federal or province jurisprudence by deliberately registering the complainant? s hallmarks as his Internet sphere names for the intent of demanding payment from the complainant in exchange for the names. The tribunal found that, ? injunctive alleviation is available under the Federal Trademark Dilution Act if a complainant can set up that 1 ) its grade is celebrated ; 2 ) the suspect is doing commercial usage of the grade in commercialism ; 3 ) the suspect? s usage began after the complainant? s grade became celebrated ; and 4 ) the suspect? s usage presents a likeliness of dilution of the typical value of the grade. ? B ) The tribunal must first expression at whether or non Plaintiff? s grade is in fact celebrated. The demands of whether or non a grade is celebrated must run into the undermentioned standards: 1 ) the grade of inherent or acquired peculiarity of the grade ; 2 ) the continuance and extent of usage of the grade in connexion with the goods or services with which the grade is used 3 ) the continuance and extent of advertisement and promotion of the grade ; 4 ) the geographical extent of the trading country in which the grade is used ; 5 ) the channels of trade for the goods or service with which the grade is used ; 6 ) the grade of acknowledgment of the grade in the trading countries and channels of trade used by the grade? s proprietor and the individual against whom the injunction is sought ; 7 ) the nature and extent of usage of the same or similar Markss by 3rd parties ; and 8 ) whether the grade was registered? on the chief registry. In Panavision Int? cubic decimeter, L.P. v. Toeppen, the tribunal found Panavision Markss to be celebrated Markss. Panavision owned the federal enrollment for the Markss and it developed a strong secondary significance because of Panavision? s long period of sole usage of the grade and its position as a major provider of photographic equipment. In the instant instance, the complainant has used the 48 Hours logo for over 12 old ages. The complainant owns the federal enrollment of the 48 Hours grade. All of the demands for famousness are met as discussed above in subdivision 43 ( a ) . The suspect is utilizing the sphere name as a agency of commercial usage in commercialism. They provide yacht charters and direction services to persons and corporations in the Caribbean country. The web site contains an image of a seaport filled with boats. There is besides an e-mail reference provided at the underside to direct client enquiries to. This proves that the site is being used as an advertizement to beg concern. There are multiple streamers from patrons on the page every bit good. This verifies that the suspect is doing money from the usage of this site and hence, the sphere name. The complainant has used its 49 Hours Markss since at least January 1988. Throughout the 12 old ages, the grade has gained acknowledgment throughout the United States as a telecasting intelligence show. The suspect registered the sphere name in May of 1997. Therefore, complainant? s grade had already become celebrated.

Wine of Astonishment free essay sample

The origins and early development of the Spiritual Shouter Baptist Religion in Trinidad and Tobago are not well known but the consensus is the religion developed among the people of African descent during the Nineteenth Century. It can be found throughout the Caribbean under various names but according to Gibbs de Peza (10), the name Spiritual Shouter Baptist is indigenous to Trinidad and Tobago. It is a unique religion, comprising elements of Protestant Christianity and African doctrines and rituals. It is also one of the few religions indigenous to Trinidad and Tobago. The term Shouter was given to the Baptists because of their tendency to shout, clap and sing loudly during their religious services. It was a derogatory term imposed on them by mainstream society. During their fight to have the Shouters Prohibition Ordinance repealed, the Baptists decided to use the term Spiritual Baptists instead of Shouter Baptists, in an effort to gain respect for their religion. We will write a custom essay sample on Wine of Astonishment or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are four theories that place the roots of the Spiritual Shouter Baptist Religion in Africa, Britain, North America and St. Vincent.The first theory suggests that certain practices of the Spiritual Shouter Baptist Faith can be traced directly to Africa – however this theory is not well documented. While researchers agree on Africa, there is some dispute as to where in Africa. Some religious practices of the Spiritual Shouter Baptist Faith have been identified as being similar to that of Peoples or former Kingdoms in West Africa – particularly the Dahomey People (now situated in Benin), the Kongo People (now in Republic of Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo and part of Angola) and the Yoruba People (now primarily in Nigeria, Benin, Ghana and Togo.Another segment of the influx of new settlers in 1797 was a group of former American Slaves who had supported Britain during the American War of Independence. They were rewarded for their loyalty with their freedom and grants of land in South Trinidad. They formed â€Å"Company Villages† that were named after the military companies in which they had served, for example, â€Å"Fifth Company, Moruga† (Henry, 2003). These settlers brought their Baptist faith with them and influenced the development of the indigenous Spiritual Shouter Baptist Faith.Viola Gopaul-Whittington (12) has stated anothe r theory that suggests the roots of the Spiritual Shouter Baptists can be found in the migration of fundamental Protestants, known as â€Å"Shakersâ€Å", from St. Vincent to Trinidad during the early part of the twentieth century. This explains the origins of the four Baptist groups in Trinidad and Tobago – the London Baptists, the Independent Baptists, the Fundamental Baptists and the Spiritual Shouter Baptists. Although the origins of the Spiritual Shouter Baptist Faith in Trinidad and Tobago can be traced to foreign countries, it has evolved over time to become a unique, indigenous religion.It has managed to fuse the spontaneity and rhythms of Africa with the restrained, traditional tenets of Christianity to produce a religion that is vibrant, expressive and dynamic. PROHIBITION From 1917 to 1951 the Spiritual and Shouter Baptist faith was banned in Trinidad by the colonial government of the day. The legislation to enact this ban was called the Shouters Prohibition Ordinance and it was passed on 16 November 1917. The reason given for the ordinance was that the Shouters made too much noise with their loud singing and bell ringing and disturbed the peace.During worship, participants danced, shouted, s hook and fell to the ground in convulsions. Such behaviour was deemed unseemly by the more traditional and conservative elements in the society. Also, the established churches regarded such behaviour as heathen and barbaric. Furthermore, they were concerned about the large number of people who were leaving the traditional churches to join the Spiritual Baptist faith. The police, who had been persecuting the Baptists for several years, also wanted them silenced.Although not said openly, the real reason for the antagonism towards the Baptists was that many of their practices were of African origin. Things African were associated with the shame and degradation of slavery and a large part of the population of Trinidad did not want to be reminded of this. Hence the strong lobbying to have the religion banned. In the end, the colonial government responded to the complaints of the taxpayers, landowners and police by passing the Shouters Prohibition Ordinance. Those thirty-four years of prohibition were difficult for the Spiritual and Shouter Baptists.The ordinance forbid them from erecting or maintaining any â€Å"Shouter House† or from holding meetings. Estate managers and owners were required to report any meetings to the police, and the police were authorized to enter a building where a meeting was being held without a warrant. (See full-text of Ordinance). Worshipers were arrested, beaten and jailed if they were caught practising their religion. They had to flee to the hills and forests to practise their religion. Even then, the police still pursued and brutalized them.Nevertheless the Spiritual and Shouter Baptists survived. During the 1920s and 1930s, the Baptists fought many court battles and tried to counteract the negative perceptions of their faith. It was only when Tubal Uriah â€Å"Buzz† Butler emerged as a labour leader that attitudes towards the Baptists gradually began to change. Butler himself was a devoted Baptist and controversial figure. His public meetings were reminiscent of a Baptist prayer meeting. His prominence gave the religion some legitimacy although he too was jailed for his political and religious beliefs. During the 1940s a new leader emerged to champion the Baptists’ cause. Grenadian-born Elton George Griffith started a campaign to have the Shouters Prohibition Ordinance repealed. Under his leadership the numerous independent Baptist Churches formed the West Indian Evangelical Spiritual Baptist Faith. In 1940, as a united body, they presented a petition to the Legislative Council asking for the Ordinance to be repealed. It was not granted but a few years later Albert Gomes asked the Council to appoint a committee to look into a repeal of the 1917 Ordinance.